NAMA : PONIDAH
NPM : 15210348
KELAS : 4EA14
PASSIVE VOICE
Tugas 1
Passive and Active Voices
Verbs are also said to be either active (The
executive committee approved the new policy) or passive (The new
policy was approved by the executive committee) in voice. In the
active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject
is a be-er or a do-er and the verb moves the sentence along. In the passive
voice, the subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is
acted upon by some other agent
or by something unnamed (The new policy was approved). Computerized grammar
checkers can pick out a passive voice construction from miles away and ask you
to revise it to a more active construction. There is nothing inherently wrong
with the passive voice, but if you can say the same thing in the active mode, do
so (see exceptions below). Your text will have more pizzazz as a result, since
passive verb constructions tend to lie about in their pajamas and avoid actual
work.
We find an overabundance of the passive voice in
sentences created by self-protective business interests, magniloquent
educators, and bombastic military writers (who must get weary of this
accusation), who 
use the passive voice to avoid
responsibility for actions taken. Thus "Cigarette ads were designed
to appeal especially to children" places the burden on the ads — as
opposed to "We designed the cigarette ads to appeal especially to
children," in which "we" accepts responsibility. At a White
House press briefing we might hear that "The President was advised that
certain members of Congress were being audited" rather than "The Head
of the Internal Revenue service advised the President that her agency was
auditing certain members of Congress" because the passive construction
avoids responsibility for advising and for auditing. One further caution about
the passive voice: we should not mix active and passive constructions in the
same sentence: "The executive committee approved the new policy,
and the calendar for next year's meetings was revised" should be
recast as "The executive committee approved the new policy and
revised the calendar for next year's meeting."
use the passive voice to avoid
responsibility for actions taken. Thus "Cigarette ads were designed
to appeal especially to children" places the burden on the ads — as
opposed to "We designed the cigarette ads to appeal especially to
children," in which "we" accepts responsibility. At a White
House press briefing we might hear that "The President was advised that
certain members of Congress were being audited" rather than "The Head
of the Internal Revenue service advised the President that her agency was
auditing certain members of Congress" because the passive construction
avoids responsibility for advising and for auditing. One further caution about
the passive voice: we should not mix active and passive constructions in the
same sentence: "The executive committee approved the new policy,
and the calendar for next year's meetings was revised" should be
recast as "The executive committee approved the new policy and
revised the calendar for next year's meeting."
Take the quiz (below) as an exercise in recognizing
and changing passive verbs.
The passive voice does exist for a reason, however,
and its presence is not always to be despised. The passive is particularly
useful (even recommended) in two situations:
- When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon: The unidentified victim was apparently struck during the early morning hours.
- When the actor in the situation is not important: The aurora borealis can be observed in the early morning hours.
The passive voice is especially helpful (and even
regarded as mandatory) in scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where
the actor is not really important but the process or principle being described
is of ultimate importance. Instead of writing "I poured 20 cc of acid into
the beaker," we would write "Twenty cc of acid is/was poured
into the beaker." The passive voice is also useful when describing, say, a
mechanical process in which the details of process are much more important than
anyone's taking responsibility for the action: "The first coat of primer
paint is applied immediately after the acid rinse."
We use the passive voice to good effect in a paragraph
in which we wish to shift emphasis from what was the object in a first
sentence to what becomes the subject in subsequent sentences.
The
executive committee approved an entirely new policy
for dealing with academic suspension and withdrawal. The policy had been written by a subcommittee
on student behavior. If students withdraw from course work before suspension
can take effect, the policy states, a mark of "IW" . . . .
The paragraph is clearly about this new policy so it
is appropriate that policy move from being the object in the first
sentence to being the subject of the second sentence. The passive voice allows
for this transition.†
Passive Verb Formation
The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a
form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb.
Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in committee." The
passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive
forms of "design."
Tense
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary
|
Past
Participle |
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
|||
Present
|
The
car/cars
|
is
|
are
|
designed.
|
Present perfect
|
The
car/cars
|
has been
|
have been
|
designed.
|
Past
|
The
car/cars
|
was
|
were
|
designed.
|
Past perfect
|
The
car/cars
|
had been
|
had been
|
designed.
|
Future
|
The
car/cars
|
will be
|
will be
|
designed.
|
Future perfect
|
The
car/cars
|
will have
been
|
will have
been
|
designed.
|
Present progressive
|
The
car/cars
|
is being
|
are being
|
designed.
|
Past progressive
|
The
car/cars
|
was being
|
were being
|
designed.
|
A sentence cast in the passive voice will not always
include an agent
of the action. For instance if a gorilla crushes a tin can, we could say
"The tin can was crushed by the gorilla."
But a perfectly good sentence would leave out the gorilla: "The tin can was
crushed." Also, when an active sentence with an indirect object is
recast in the passive, the indirect object can take on the role of subject in
the passive sentence:
Active
|
Professor
Villa gave Jorge an A.
|
Passive
|
An A was
given to Jorge by Professor Villa.
|
Passive
|
Jorge was
given an A.
|
Only transitive verbs (those that take objects) can be
transformed into passive constructions. Furthermore, active sentences
containing certain verbs cannot be transformed into passive structures. To
have is the most important of these verbs. We can say "He has a new
car," but we cannot say "A new car is had by him." We can say
"Josefina lacked finesse," but we cannot say "Finesse was
lacked." Here is a brief list of such verbs*:
resemble
|
look like
|
equal
|
agree with
|
mean
|
contain
|
hold
|
comprise
|
lack
|
suit
|
fit
|
become
|
Verbals or
verb forms can also take on features of the passive voice. An infinitive
phrase in the passive voice, for instance, can perform various functions
within a sentence (just like the active forms of the infinitive).
- Subject: To be elected by my peers is a great honor.
- Object: That child really likes to be read to by her mother.
- Modifier: Grasso was the first woman to be elected governor in her own right.
The same is true of passive gerunds.
- Subject: Being elected by my peers was a great thrill.
- Object: I really don't like being lectured to by my boss.
- Object of preposition: I am so tired of being lectured to by my boss.
With passive participles, part of the passive
construction is often omitted, the result being a simple modifying participial phrase.
- [
Having been] designed for off-road performance, the Pathseeker does not always behave well on paved highways.
Referensi :
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm
Bahasa inggris 2 oleh Icwan Suyudi dan Sri Widiyanti
Business comunicattion oleh cynthia beresford
Bahasa inggris 2 oleh Icwan Suyudi dan Sri Widiyanti
Business comunicattion oleh cynthia beresford
Tugas 2
CONTOH CV BAHASA INGGRIS 1
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name
Address
Phone
Cellphone
Email
Brith Date
Nationality
Gender
Marital
Status
Spouse
Name
Number of
Dependents
|
: PONIDAH
: Karawaci
Office Park, Tangerang 15811
: (021)
555 xxxxx
:
081111xxxxx
: ida_df@yahoo.co.id
: 26 /09/1992
:
Indonesian
: Female
: Married
: Abuya
Chandra, M.Sc
: 1
|
PERSONAL PROFILE
A qualified
English teacher who is able to effectively communicate with students from
different backgrounds or varying degrees of ability. A dedicated professional
with a proven ability to teach, motivate students to maximum performance by
encouraging a positive and energetic environment. Fully familiar with the
English National Curriculum and experience of applying technology in the
classroom to make the most of the learning experience. Presently looking for a
English teaching position with a progressive school.
CAREER
HISTORY
August 2001 – Present
August 2000 - Present
|
An English Teacher
SMAN Englishindo
Jakarta
Cempaka Putih 33,
Jakarta, (Postal Code)
And
An English Teacher
SMPN Englishindo
Jakarta
Cempaka Putih 34,
Jakarta (Postal Code)
Duties :
1. Teaching English
2. Managing classroom
3. Planning, preparing,
and delivering lessons to a varied range of classes and age groups
4. Preparing and setting
tests, examination papers, exercises, individual and group assignment.
5. Marking all oral and
written works of the students
6. Writing and producing
new material appropriate with the classroom, including audio and visual
resources
7. Organizing and
Getting involved in a speech contest
8. Overcoming basic
administration such as keeping the students’ attendance records for starters
and leavers
9. Giving a secret of
answering the tests of National Final Examination
|
ACADEMIC
QUALIFICATIONS
- THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF ENGLISHINDO : English Education Degree 1998 - 2002
- SMAN 1 JAKARTA : 1995 - 1998
- SMPN 1 JAKARTA : 1992 - 1995
- SDN 1 JAKARTA : 1986 - 1992
PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
- Able to use computer-assisted educational resources. Certified for Computer-assisted Language Learning.
- Researching new topic areas and maintaining up-to-date subject knowledge. Certified for Research on Educational National Curriculum.
AWARDS
The Best
English Teacher in Jakarta - Governor Awards 2011
Contoh 2
I. Personal Details
Name : Rohman
Address : Jln. RE Abdullah, Bogor, West Java 16128
Phone Number : 0251-000 0000 / 081 000 000 000
Place & Date of Birth : Bogor, June 20 1985
Sex : Male
Marital Status : Single
Religion : Islam
Nationality : Indonesia
II. Education Details
1. 1992 – 1999 Nusantara, Elementary School, Bogor
2. 1999 – 2002 Junior High School / SMP 07 Bogor
3. 2002 – 2005 Senior High School / SMA 01 Bogor
4. 2005 – 2008 Accounting Degree University of Indonesia
GPA = 3.85 (scale 4)
PREDICATE = Very Satisfactory
III. Job Experiences
August – September 2008 On the job training at PT. Super Jaya
(Persero) Bogor
January, 2010 English Course at Bogor English Course
Education Centre
On May 2012 TOEFL Test at University Of Indonesia
IV. Computer Skills
Web Design, Programming, Internet Marketing, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Power Point, making software, Corel Draw, Adobe Photoshop
V. PERSONALITY
Good attitude, kind, communicative, diligent, tolerant, target oriented, discipline, honest, and be responsible
Name : Rohman
Address : Jln. RE Abdullah, Bogor, West Java 16128
Phone Number : 0251-000 0000 / 081 000 000 000
Place & Date of Birth : Bogor, June 20 1985
Sex : Male
Marital Status : Single
Religion : Islam
Nationality : Indonesia
II. Education Details
1. 1992 – 1999 Nusantara, Elementary School, Bogor
2. 1999 – 2002 Junior High School / SMP 07 Bogor
3. 2002 – 2005 Senior High School / SMA 01 Bogor
4. 2005 – 2008 Accounting Degree University of Indonesia
GPA = 3.85 (scale 4)
PREDICATE = Very Satisfactory
III. Job Experiences
August – September 2008 On the job training at PT. Super Jaya
(Persero) Bogor
January, 2010 English Course at Bogor English Course
Education Centre
On May 2012 TOEFL Test at University Of Indonesia
IV. Computer Skills
Web Design, Programming, Internet Marketing, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Power Point, making software, Corel Draw, Adobe Photoshop
V. PERSONALITY
Good attitude, kind, communicative, diligent, tolerant, target oriented, discipline, honest, and be responsible
Bogor, .............
Rohman
Referensi :
1. http://rohmatullahh.blogspot.com/2013/08/contoh-cv-dalam-bahasa-inggris- yang-baik.html
http://www.englishindo.com/2014/01/contoh-cv-curriculum-vitae-daftar- riwayat- hidup-terbaru.html
2. Important vocabuary for Students, Published 2003. Englishindo Press.
3. Kamus Baha Inggris Mungil, Published 2003. Englishindo Press.
2. Important vocabuary for Students, Published 2003. Englishindo Press.
3. Kamus Baha Inggris Mungil, Published 2003. Englishindo Press.
